bio.libretexts.org

We performed a comprehensive analysis of bio.libretexts.org on 2026-06-28. The website returned an HTTP 200 status code with a server response time of 1285ms. The page is served over HTTP/2 protocol with Gzip compression enabled, achieving approximately 60.0% size reduction. The total page weight is 114 KB, and the site is served behind a CDN (Content Delivery Network). Warning: The website does not have a valid SSL certificate. Visitors may see security warnings in their browser, and data transmitted to and from this website is not encrypted. The security headers analysis reveals a score of 70/100 (good). The following security headers are properly configured: Content-Security-Policy, Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS), X-Content-Type-Options, and Referrer-Policy. However, the site is missing X-Frame-Options and Permissions-Policy, which could expose the site and its users to cross-site scripting (XSS), clickjacking, and other web-based attacks. Our technology detection scan identified 9 technologies across 8 categories powering bio.libretexts.org. The detected stack includes Remix, React, Vite, Google Analytics 4, Matomo, Cloudflare, Google Fonts, jQuery, and Font Awesome. The site uses Remix as its primary framework. The UI is built with React. Based on our comprehensive analysis of domain age, SSL configuration, email authentication, security headers, and blacklist status, bio.libretexts.org receives an overall trust score of 67/100, classified as "Likely Safe".

After conducting a thorough safety and legitimacy analysis, bio.libretexts.org receives a trust score of 67/100, which places it in the "Likely Safe" category. This score is calculated by evaluating multiple factors including SSL certificate validity, domain registration history, email authentication protocols, security header configuration, and blacklist status across major threat intelligence databases. The analysis identified several positive trust signals: a valid HTTPS connection protecting data in transit and HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) enforcement preventing protocol downgrade attacks. Areas of concern include: no X-Frame-Options header, which could allow the site to be embedded in malicious iframes (clickjacking), the domain's WHOIS information is hidden behind a privacy service, making it harder to verify the owner's identity, and DNSSEC is not enabled, leaving DNS queries vulnerable to spoofing attacks. While these issues don't necessarily indicate malicious intent, they represent areas where the website's security posture could be improved. We checked bio.libretexts.org against 8 major blacklist databases including Google Safe Browsing, Phishtank, Urlhaus, Openphish, Dnsfilter, Spamhaus Dbl, Surbl, and Virustotal. The domain passed all 8 checks with a clean status, meaning it has not been flagged for phishing, malware distribution, spam, or other malicious activities by any of the tested threat intelligence providers.

Our technology detection engine scanned bio.libretexts.org and identified 9 distinct technologies across 8 categories. This analysis is performed by examining HTTP response headers, HTML source code patterns, JavaScript library fingerprints, CSS framework signatures, and DNS records. Framework: Remix — provides the application framework and routing for bio.libretexts.org. UI Library: React — handles the user interface rendering and component management for bio.libretexts.org. Build Tool: Vite — bundles and optimizes the JavaScript and CSS assets for bio.libretexts.org. Analytics: Google Analytics 4 and Matomo — tracks visitor behavior and provides traffic insights for bio.libretexts.org. CDN: Cloudflare — accelerates content delivery by caching assets at edge locations worldwide for bio.libretexts.org. Fonts: Google Fonts — delivers web fonts for typography for bio.libretexts.org. JavaScript Library: jQuery — provides utility functions and DOM manipulation for bio.libretexts.org. Icon Set: Font Awesome — provides additional functionality for bio.libretexts.org.

bio.libretexts.org delivers its homepage in 1285ms (server response time), which is considered somewhat slow by industry standards. The total page weight is 114 KB, and we detected 122 resource requests loading assets from 18 third-party domains. A high number of third-party domains can significantly impact page load time due to additional DNS lookups and TLS handshakes required for each domain. The website uses Gzip compression for text-based assets, achieving an estimated 60.0% reduction in transfer size. This reduces bandwidth usage and improves page load times, especially for visitors on slower connections. Asset minification status: 5 out of 14 CSS files and 24 out of 51 JavaScript files are minified. Minifying the remaining 36 unminified file(s) could further reduce page weight by 10-30% for those assets. Minification is a best practice that reduces download sizes without affecting functionality. The site is served through a Content Delivery Network (CDN), which caches static assets at edge servers around the world. This means visitors from different geographic regions receive content from the nearest edge server, significantly reducing latency. CDN usage is particularly important for websites with a global audience, as it can reduce page load times by 40-60% for distant visitors. From an environmental perspective, each page view of bio.libretexts.org produces approximately 0.06g of CO₂, earning a carbon rating of A. This places the website among the cleanest on the web, demonstrating efficient use of server resources and optimized content delivery. For reference, the average web page produces about 0.5g of CO₂ per page view. The page weight of 114 KB is the primary factor in this calculation. Core Web Vitals data from the Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX) is not available for bio.libretexts.org. This typically means the site doesn't have enough real-world Chrome user traffic to generate statistically significant field data, or the domain is not included in the CrUX dataset. Core Web Vitals (LCP, INP, CLS) are important Google ranking factors that measure real user experience.

bio.libretexts.org resolves to the IPv4 address 3.174.113.90 and also supports IPv6 (2600:9000:28f7:8e00:11:2451:2fc0:93a1), demonstrating modern network infrastructure readiness. The domain has 4 A record(s) configured. The domain name system is managed by 4 name servers: ns-1281.awsdns-32.org, ns-1964.awsdns-53.co.uk, ns-351.awsdns-43.com, and ns-885.awsdns-46.net. Having 4 name servers provides good redundancy — if one fails, the others can continue serving DNS queries. The choice of name servers often indicates the DNS hosting provider or CDN service being used. SPF is not configured, meaning any server could potentially send emails pretending to be from this domain. This is a significant email security concern. DMARC is not configured, leaving the domain vulnerable to email spoofing and phishing attacks that impersonate this domain. DKIM was not detected. Without DKIM, recipients cannot cryptographically verify that emails claiming to be from this domain are authentic. DNSSEC is not enabled for bio.libretexts.org. While not critical for most websites, DNSSEC adds an important security layer by ensuring DNS responses haven't been tampered with during transit. Enabling DNSSEC is recommended for domains handling sensitive data or financial transactions.

The homepage of bio.libretexts.org contains 646 words of visible text content. This is a moderate amount of content. The page is structured with 3 H2 headings, 0 H3 headings, 4 H4 headings. The page includes 6 images. All images have proper alt text attributes ✓, which is excellent for both accessibility (screen readers) and SEO (search engines can understand image content). The link structure consists of 35 internal links pointing to other pages on the same domain and 9 external links pointing to third-party websites. There are 51 external JavaScript files, 14 CSS stylesheets, and 0 iframes on the page. The site implements the following web standards and features: XML Sitemap (helps search engines discover all pages) and Schema.org structured data (CollectionPage, ItemList, Organization, SearchAction, WebPage, and WebSite). Notable missing features: robots.txt. Adding these could improve search engine discoverability and rich result eligibility.

The title tag for bio.libretexts.org is good at 25 characters: "Home - Biology LibreTexts". The length is acceptable, though it may be slightly truncated in some search result displays. The meta description is 173 characters (slightly long): "The LibreTexts libraries collectively are a multi-institutional collaborative venture to develop the next generation of ...". Google typically displays up to 155-160 characters of the meta description in search results. A compelling meta description with a clear call-to-action can significantly improve click-through rates from search results. The canonical url is correctly set to https://bio.libretexts.org, preventing duplicate content issues, the page language is declared as en, the meta robots directive is set to index,follow, and a favicon is configured. Open Graph meta tags are configured with 4/4 recommended fields: OG title ("Home..."), OG description, OG image (social sharing thumbnail), OG type (article). These tags control how the page appears when shared on Facebook, LinkedIn, and other social media platforms that support the Open Graph protocol. A Twitter Card of type summary_large_image is configured, which controls how links appear when shared on Twitter/X. The "summary_large_image" type displays a large image preview, which typically generates higher engagement rates than the basic card type. The site implements Schema.org structured data with the following types: CollectionPage, ItemList, Organization, SearchAction, WebPage, and WebSite. Structured data helps search engines understand the page content and can enable rich results (featured snippets, knowledge panels, star ratings) in Google search results, which can significantly increase click-through rates.